With automation predicted to displace as many as 73 million, or a third, of U.S. workers by 2030,  retraining throughout a career is becoming the most viable path for those who hope to keep working.

Online learning and micro-certification are increasingly appealing to individuals and businesses seeking to future-proof themselves against automation, or introduce automation without having to fire and rehire a more highly skilled workforce, writes Tracey Lien at philly.com.

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In San Francisco, bonds trader David Gagnon, 50, has taken more than a dozen courses in programming and machine learning on Coursera to protect his own career. In his more than 20 years in the business, he’s seen global trading desks go from employing 10 traders and 10 assistants, to 10 traders and a handful of computer programmers who, working together, do 10 times the trades.

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